THE+BEATLES+(Clara)



** INDEX: **
 * 1. ** Webgraphy
 * 2. ** Introduction
 * 3. ** History
 * 4. ** Discograpy
 * 5. ** Videography
 * 6. ** Photos
 * 7. ** Other songs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles
 * 1. WEBGRAPHY **

The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. They became the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed act in the history of popular music.[1] The group's best-known lineup consisted of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. Rooted in skiffle and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later utilized several generes, ranging from pop balladsto psychedelic rock, often incorporating classical and other elements in innovative ways. In the early 1960s, their enormous popularity first emerged as "Beatlemania", but as their songwriting grew in sophistication, they came to be perceived by many fans and cultural observers as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the era's sociocultural revolutions.
 * 2. INTRODUCTION **


 * 3. HISTORY **


 * 1957–62: formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity. **

In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a skiffle group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a respected local group was already using the name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he and Lennon met that July. In February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, but Lennon initially thought Harrison was too young to join. After a month of Harrison's persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. Stu Sutcliffe joined in January 1960, and it was he who suggested changing the band's name. they changed to the Beatles.

Their lack of a full-time drummer posed a problem when the group's unofficial manager, Allan Williams, arranged a resident band booking for them in Hamburg, Germany, so in mid-August they auditioned and hired Pete Best. "They pulled into Hamburg at dusk on 17 August, the time when the red-light area comes to life ... flashing neon lights screamed out the various entertainment on offer, while scantily clad women sat unabashed in shop windows waiting for business opportunities".

The authorities arranged for Harrison's deportation in late November. One week later, Koschmider had McCartney and Best arrested for arson after they set fire to a tapestry on the wall in their room; the authorities deported them. Lennon returned to Liverpool in early December, while Sutcliffe remained in Hamburg through late February with his German fiancée Astrid Kirchherr, who took the first semi-professional photos of the Beatles.

During the next two years, the Beatles were resident for periods in Hamburg, where they used Preludin both recreationally and to maintain their energy through all-night performances. When Sutcliffe decided to leave the band early that year and resume his art studies in Germany.

During one of the group's frequent appearances at theCavern Club, they encountered Brian Epstein, a local record store owner and music columnist. He later recalled, "I immediately liked what I heard. They were fresh, and they were honest, and they had what I thought was a sort of presence ... [a] star quality." Epstein courted the band over the next couple of months, and they appointed him manager in January 1962. After an early February audition, Decca Records rejected the band with the comment "Guitar groups are on the way out, Mr. Epstein."



The band's first recording session under Martin's direction took place at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London on 6 June 1962. The Beatles replaced Pete Best by Ringo Starr, who left Rory Storm and the Hurricanes to join them. A 4 September session at EMI yielded a recording of "Love Me Do" featuring Starr on drums, but a dissatisfied Martin hired drummer Andy White for the band's third session a week later, which produced recordings of "Love Me Do", "Please Please Me" and "P.S. I Love You".

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In December 1962, the Beatles concluded their fifth and final Hamburg residency. By 1963, they had agreed that all four band members would contribute vocals to their albums—including Starr, despite his restricted vocal range, to validate his standing in the group. Lennon and McCartney had established a songwriting partnership, and as the band's success grew, their dominant collaboration limited Harrison's opportunities as a lead vocalist. Epstein, in an effort to maximize the Beatles' commercial potential, encouraged them to adopt a professional approach to performing. Lennon recalled him saying, "Look, if you really want to get in these bigger places, you're going to have to change—stop eating on stage, stop swearing, stop smoking". Lennon said, "We used to dress how we liked, on and off stage. He'd tell us that jeans were not particularly smart and could we possibly manage to wear proper trousers, but he didn't want us suddenly looking square. He'd let us have our own sense of individuality".


 * 1963–6 6: Beatlemania and touring yea. **

Please Please Me released in March 1963, the album initiated a run during which eleven of their twelve studio albums released in the United Kingdom through 1970 reached number one.The band's single, "From Me to You", came out in April and was also a chart-topping hit, starting an almost unbroken string of seventeen British number one singles for the Beatles, including all but one of the eighteen they released over the next six years. Released the band's single, "She Loves You", achieved the fastest sales of any record in the UK up to that time, selling three-quarters of a million copies in under four weeks. As their popularity spread, a frenzied adulation of the group took hold. Greeted with riotous enthusiasm by screaming fans, the press dubbed the phenomenon "Beatlemania".



The Beatles began a five-day tour of Sweden, their first time abroad since the final Hamburg engagement of December 1962.



The band left the United Kingdom on 7 February 1964, with an estimated four thousand fans gathered at Heathrow, waving and screaming as the aircraft took off. Upon landing at New York's John F. Kennedy Airport, an uproarious crowd estimated at three thousand greeted them.


 * A Hard Day's Night**

Capitol Records' lack of interest throughout 1963 had not gone unnoticed, and a competitor, United Artists Records, encouraged their film division to offer the group a three-motion-picture deal, primarily for the commercial potential of the soundtracks. Directed by Richard Lester, A Hard Day's Night involved the band for six weeks in March–April 1964 as they played themselves in a mock-documentary. The film premiered in London and New York in July and August, respectively, and was an international success, with some critics drawing comparison with the Marx Brothers.

Touring internationally in June and July, the Beatles staged thirty-seven shows over twenty-seven days in Denmark, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand.


 * Help! and Rubber Soul**



Released in July, the Beatles' second film, Help!, was directed by Lester.

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In mid-October 1965, the Beatles entered the recording studio; for the first time in making an album, they had an extended period without other major commitments. Released in December, Rubber Soul has been hailed by critics as a major step forward in the maturity and complexity of the band's music. Their thematic reach was beginning to expand as they embraced deeper aspects of romance and philosophy.


 * 1966–70: controversy, studio years and break-up **

During a tour of the Philippines the month after the Yesterday and Today furore, the Beatles unintentionally snubbed the nation's first lady, Imelda Marcos, who had expected them to attend a breakfast reception at the Presidential Palace. When presented with the invitation, Epstein politely declined on the band members' behalf, as it had never been his policy to accept such official invitations. They soon found that the Marcos regime was unaccustomed to taking no for an answer. The resulting riots endangered the group and they escaped the country with difficulty. Immediately afterward, the band members visited India for the first time.

Almost as soon as they returned home, they faced a fierce backlash from US religious and social conservatives (as well as the Ku Klux Klan). The Vatican issued a protest, and bans on Beatles'.

Revolver, released in August 1966.

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, released in November 1966.



Magical Mystery Tour; the soundtrack to a forthcoming Beatles television film, was released in the UK as a six-track double extended play disc (EP) in early December 1967.

In January, the Beatles filmed a cameo for the animated movie Yellow Submarine, which featured cartoon versions of the band members and a soundtrack with eleven of their songs.

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McCartney filed suit for the dissolution of the Beatles' contractual partnership on 31 December 1970. Legal disputes continued long after their break-up, and the dissolution was not formalized until 9 January 1975.


 * 1970s **

Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Starr all released solo albums in 1970. Their solo records sometimes involved one or more of the others; Starr's Ringo (1973) was the only album to include compositions and performances by all four ex-Beatles, albeit on separate songs. With Starr's collaboration, Harrison staged The Concert for Bangladesh in New York City in August 1971. Other than an unreleased jam session in 1974, later bootlegged as A Toot and a Snore in '74, Lennon and McCartney never recorded together again.


 * 1980s **

After the December 1980 murder of Lennon, Harrison rewrote the lyrics to his song, "All Those Years Ago", in Lennon's honour. With McCartney and his wife, Linda, contributing backing vocals and Starr on drums, the song was released as a single in May 1981.

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In 1988, the Beatles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, their first year of eligibility. Harrison and Starr attended the ceremony with Lennon's widow, Yoko Ono, and his two sons, Julian and Sean. McCartney declined to attend, citing unresolved "business differences".


 * 1990s **

Live at the BBC, the first official release of previously unissued Beatles performances in 17 years, appeared in 1994. That same year McCartney, Harrison and Starr collaborated on the Anthology project.


 * 2000s **

Harrison died from metastatic lung cancer in November 2001. McCartney and Starr were among the musicians who performed at the Concert for George, organized byEric Clapton and Harrison's widow, Olivia. The tribute event took place at the Royal Albert Hall on the first anniversary of Harrison's death.


 * 4. DISCOGRAPHY **

( [|sales thresholds] ) || // [|Please Please Me] // // [|With the Beatles] // //A Hard Day's Night// // [|Beatles for Sale] // // [|Help!] // // [|Rubber Soul] // // [|Revolver] // // [|Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band] // // [|Magical Mystery Tour] // // [|The Beatles] // // [|Yellow Submarine] // // [|Abbey Road] // // [|Let It Be] //
 * ~ Year ||~ Album ||||||||||||~ Peak chart positions ||~ [|Certifications]
 * ^  ||^   ||~ [|UK] ||~ [|AUS] ||~ [|CAN] ||~ [|US] ||~ [|GER] ||~ [|NOR] ||^   ||
 * **1963** ||< **†**
 * Label: [|Parlophone] (UK)
 * Released: 22 March 1963 || 1 || — || — || — || 5 || — || * [|US] : Platinum
 * [|CAN] : Gold ||
 * Label: Parlophone (UK)
 * Released: 22 November 1963 || 1 || — || — || — || 1 || — || * US: Gold
 * CAN: Gold
 * [|GER] : Gold ||
 * ^  ||< // [|Beatlemania! With the Beatles] //
 * Label: [|Capitol Canada]
 * Released: 25 November 1963 || — || — || — || — || — || — || * CAN: Gold ||
 * **1964** ||< // [|Introducing... The Beatles] //
 * Label: [|Vee-Jay] (US)
 * Released: 10 January 1964 || — || — || — || 2 || — || — ||  ||
 * ^  ||< // [|Meet the Beatles!] //
 * Label: [|Capitol] (US)
 * Released: 20 January 1964 || — || — || — || 1 || — || — || * US: 5× Platinum
 * CAN: Platinum ||
 * ^  ||< // [|Twist and Shout] //
 * Label: Capitol Canada
 * Released: 3 February 1964 || — || — || — || — || — || — || * CAN: 3× Platinum ||
 * ^  ||< // [|The Beatles' Second Album] //
 * Label: Capitol (US)
 * Released: 10 April 1964 || — || — || — || 1 || — || — || * US: 2× Platinum
 * CAN: Platinum ||
 * ^  ||< // [|The Beatles' Long Tall Sally] //
 * Label: Capitol Canada
 * Released: 11 May 1964 || — || — || — || — || — || — || * CAN: Gold ||
 * ^  ||< // [|A Hard Day's Night] //
 * Label: [|United Artists] (US)
 * Released: 26 June 1964 || — || — || — || 1 || — || — || * US: 4× Platinum
 * CAN: Platinum ||
 * Label: Parlophone (UK)
 * Released: 10 July 1964 || 1 || 1 || — || — || — || — ||  ||
 * ^  ||< // [|Something New] //
 * Label: Capitol (US)
 * Released: 20 July 1964 || — || — || — || 2 || 8 || — || * US: 2× Platinum
 * CAN: Gold ||
 * Label: Parlophone (UK)
 * Released: 4 December 1964 || 1 || 1 || — || — || 1 || — || * US: Platinum
 * CAN: Gold ||
 * ^  ||< // [|Beatles '65] //
 * Label: Capitol (US)
 * Released: 15 December 1964 || — || — || — || 1 || 9 || — || * US: 3× Platinum
 * CAN: Platinum ||
 * **1965** ||< // [|Beatles VI] //
 * Label: Capitol (US), Parlophone (NZ)
 * Released: 14 June 1965 || — || — || — || 1 || 5 || — || * US: Platinum
 * CAN: Gold ||
 * Label: Parlophone (UK)
 * Released: 6 August 1965 || 1 || 1 || — || — || 1 || — ||  ||
 * ^  ||< //Help!//
 * Label: Capitol (US)
 * Released: 13 August 1965 || — || — || — || 1 || — || — || * US: 3× Platinum
 * CAN: 2× Platinum ||
 * Label: Parlophone (UK)
 * Released: 3 December 1965 || 1 || 1 || — || — || 1 || — || * GER: Gold ||
 * ^  ||< //Rubber Soul//
 * Label: Capitol (US)
 * Released: 6 December 1965 || — || — || — || 1 || — || — || * US: 6× Platinum
 * CAN: 2× Platinum ||
 * **1966** ||< // [|Yesterday and Today] //
 * Label: Capitol (US)
 * Released: 15 June 1966 || — || — || — || 1 || 3 || — || * US: 2× Platinum
 * CAN: Platinum ||
 * Label: Parlophone (UK)
 * Released: 5 August 1966 || 1 || 1 || — || — || 1 || 14 ||  ||
 * ^  ||< //Revolver//
 * Label: Capitol (US)
 * Released: 8 August 1966 || — || — || — || 1 || — || — || * US: 5× Platinum
 * CAN: 2× Platinum ||
 * **1967** ||< **†**
 * Label: Parlophone (UK), Capitol (US)
 * Released: 1 June 1967 || 1 || 1 || — || 1 || 1 || 1 || * US: 11× Platinum
 * CAN: 8× Platinum
 * GER: Platinum ||
 * Label: Capitol (US), Parlophone (UK)
 * Released: 27 November 1967 || 31 || 1 || — || 1 || 1 || 13 || * [|UK] : Gold
 * US: 6× Platinum
 * CAN: 4× Platinum ||
 * **1968** ||< **†**
 * Label: Apple (UK), Capitol (US)
 * Released: 22 November 1968 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || * US: 19× Platinum
 * CAN: 8× Platinum ||
 * **1969** ||< **†**
 * Label: Capitol (US), Apple (UK)
 * Released: 13 January 1969 || 3 || 4 || 1 || 2 || 5 || 1 || * US: Platinum
 * CAN: Gold ||
 * Label: Apple (UK), Capitol (US)
 * Released: 26 September 1969 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || * US: 12× Platinum
 * CAN: Diamond
 * GER: Platinum ||
 * **1970** ||< **†**
 * Label: Apple (UK), United Artists (US)
 * Released: 8 May 1970 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || * US: 4× Platinum
 * CAN: 3× Platinum ||
 * //"—" denotes a release that did not chart, was not released in the country or the information is unknown// ||


 * 5. VIDEOGRAPHY **

Films

 * ~ Year ||~ Title ||~ Director ||
 * = **1964** || // [|The Beatles: The First U.S. Visit] // || various ||
 * ^  || // [|A Hard Day's Night] // || [|Richard Lester] ||
 * = **1965** || // [|Help!] // ||^  ||
 * = **1966** || // [|The Beatles at Shea Stadium] // || various ||
 * = **1967** || // [|Magical Mystery Tour] // || The Beatles, [|Bernard Knowles] ||
 * = **1968** || // [|Yellow Submarine] // || [|George Dunning] ||
 * = **1970** || // [|Let It Be] // || [|Michael Lindsay-Hogg] ||
 * = **1984** || // [|The Compleat Beatles] // || Patrick Montgomery ||
 * = **1996** || // [|The Beatles Anthology] // || Geoff Wonfor, Bob Smeaton ||
 * = **2008** || // [|All Together Now] // || Adrian Wills ||

Music videos

 * ~ Year ||~ Title ||~ Director ||
 * = **1965** || "I Feel Fine" (2 versions) || [|Joe McGrath] ||
 * ^  || "Ticket to Ride" ||^   ||
 * ^  || "Help!" ||^   ||
 * ^  || "Day Tripper" (3 versions) ||^   ||
 * ^  || "We Can Work It Out" (3 versions) ||^   ||
 * = **1966** || "Paperback Writer" (4 versions) || [|Michael Lindsay-Hogg] ||
 * ^  || "Rain" (3 versions) ||^   ||
 * = **1967** || "Strawberry Fields Forever" || Peter Goldmann ||
 * ^  || "Penny Lane" ||^   ||
 * ^  || "A Day in the Life" || Tony Bramwell ||
 * ^  || "Hello, Goodbye" (3 versions) || [|Paul McCartney] ||
 * ^  || "All You Need Is Love" (live) ||   ||
 * = **1968** || "Lady Madonna" (2 versions) || Tony Bramwell ||
 * ^  || "Hey Jude" (2 versions) || Michael Lindsay-Hogg ||
 * ^  || "Revolution" (2 versions) ||^   ||
 * = **1969** || "Get Back" ||^  ||
 * ^  || "Don't Let Me Down" ||^   ||
 * ^  || "Let It Be" ||^   ||
 * ^  || "The Long and Winding Road" ||^   ||
 * ^  || "Something" || [|Neil Aspinall] ||
 * = **1994** || "Baby It's You" (live) ||  ||
 * = **1995** || "Free as a Bird" || Geoff Wonfor, Joe Pytka, [|Kevin Godley] (Real Love) ||
 * ^  || "Real Love" (2 versions) ||^   ||


 * 6. PHOTOS **








 * 7. OTHER SONGS **

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